Since awarding the first dedicated investment banking licence in Iran in 2007, the country's Securities and Exchange Organisation has moved slowly, granting only two more licences despite the proliferation of banks looking to expand into the space. But licences are not the only thing lacking in Iranian investment banking; the dearth of large private companies and investment banking expertise is also stunting its growth.
The Iranian government is insistent that the growing number of sanctions on the country is not having a detrimental effect on the country's economy. Yet, with its banks limited by the financial instruments they can use and the international banks that they can partner, it is proving increasingly difficult for them to remain profitable.
Several emerging markets with large Muslim populations combine low bank penetration and a high return on assets with a relatively small market share for Islamic banking, and thus provide further opportunities for growth in the Islamic finance sector.
Muhammad Al-Jasser, the governor of Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, says that while the country's role within the wider Middle Eastern and global economies is an important one, in times of such financial anxiety, it is important to focus on domestic matters.
Competition to be the Middle East’s leading international financial centre is rife. However, recent domestic problems in Dubai and Manama have weakened their respective positions, and have created an opening for Qatari capital Doha to emerge as a stronger challenger.
Dubai’s banking sector has suffered a series of setbacks in the past few years. But with a series of new bond issuance from state-owned companies being met with high demand, and banks rolling out new mortgage products, 2011 has seen an upturn in the fortunes of the emirate.
The Iraq government’s plans to increase oil exports from 2.2 million barrels per day to 4 million opens up a wealth of investment opportunities. Oil minister Abdul Karim al-Luaibi tells Courtney Fingar what this could mean for the conflict-torn country.
Qatar is one of the world's richest countries, and its banks are enjoying profitable returns across the board. However, there are concerns that the tiny country's banking sector is overcrowded and has too many regulators, leading for calls for consolidation in both areas.
Awash with liquidity, Kuwait's banks are struggling to find opportunities to deploy their capital. Implementation of the country's much-heralded $113bn Economic Development Plan is making slow progress amid parliamentary disputes, and banks remain wary of the beleaguered investment and real estate markets.
Blom Bank's chairman Saad Azhari, Banque Audi's group CFO Freddie Baz, Byblos Bank's executive director Sami Haddad and the Lebanese Banks Association's secretary general Makram Sader discuss privatisation, economic reform and other issues facing the new Lebanese government.
It has taken nearly two years, but Indonesian mobile telecoms operator Axis has secured $1.2bn of sharia-compliant financing. For many of the players involved, it was their first dealing with sharia principles, presenting HSBC and its Saudi affiliate with a complex task.
The Gulf's Islamic finance industry is on an upward growth trajectory as the sukuk market rebounds and new lines of business emerge. But there are growing calls for greater regulatory oversight to ensure the industry remains true to its values and improves transparency going forward.
With unrest spreading through many Middle Eastern and north African countries, the stability of the United Arab Emirates is making the country a haven for investors in the region, with Abu Dhabi's development and investment company Mubadala a leading light when it comes to utilising the bond markets.
It has been a difficult year for the Middle Eastern banking sector and this shows in the regional top 25. But there are reasons to be positive – the Gulf region remains strong, the overall figures from The Banker's Top 1000 World Banks suggest an increase in profits and there is a welcome new entry from Iraq.
Qatar has gone from net borrower to being one of the fastest growing economies in the world, with a thriving banking sector. However, aware that such growth cannot go on for ever, the Qatari regulators and politicians are reassessing the country's financial systems.